We compiled some ppt slides that the professor has taught in class so that we can review them through this web in the future.
All the resources are from 靜宜大學 張惠環老師 提供 (語音及音韻學(一))
Classification of English Consonant Phonemes
The way we write: Voicing(voiceless/voiced)+Place of artrculation+Manner of articulation
2. Consonants
3. Place of Articulation
4. Vocing
5. Tense and Lax vowels
6. Vowels
7. Manner of Articulation
8. The difference and introduction
9. Manners of articulation
10. Cavities of the vocal tract
11. The definition of some terms
A minimal pair:
A minimal pair consists of two words that differ by a single sound, resulting in different meanings, thereby emphasizing the role of that distinct sound in differentiating words in the language. For instance, "bit" and "pit" form a minimal pair in English, differing only by the initial sounds /b/ and /p/ establishing them as separate phonemes.
A phoneme:
A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that serves to distinguish the meaning of a word. For example, the phonemes /b/ and /p/ in "bat" and "pat" serve to distinguish the meanings of these two words.
Complementary distribution 互補分布:
Complementary distribution refers to the relationship between two sounds that never occur in the same phonetic environment. It helps to determine whether sounds are allophones of the same phoneme or separate phonemes. For instance, in English, the sounds [p] and [pʰ] never occur in the same phonetic environment. [p] occurs after [s] as in "spot" and [pʰ] occurs in other contexts as in "pot".
Contrastive distribution 對比分布:
Contrastive distribution occurs when two sounds appear in the same phonetic environment and substituting one for the other changes the meaning, indicating they are distinct phonemes. For instance, in English, /p/ and /b/ are in contrastive distribution and are separate phonemes as the words "pat" and "bat".
12. References websites
With sounds
The characters and symbols of IPA
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